Arthur Guinness is born in Celbridge, County Kildare. Your browser does not have JavaScript enabled and therefore may not display all features of this and other websites.
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By then the brewing family which had made so much out of the thirst of the Dublin working classes had repaid a debt in kind. Arthur, who was but one of Irish brewers dependent on the city's water supply in the 18th century, was a benefactor of St Patrick's Cathedral. His son, also Arthur, became governor of the Bank of Ireland in and was an advocate of Catholic emancipation.
He supported parliamentary reform, but fell out with Daniel O'Connell over the issue of repeal of the union with Britain - leading the Liberator to describe him as "that old apostate". The brewers survived "horrendous" sectarian boycotts throughout the 19th century, according to journalist Joe Joyce, who has been writing the definitive Guinness history. For commercial reasons, political affiliations shifted from liberal to conservative. Some branches of the family were very opposed to Home Rule at the turn of the century, viewing it as a re-run of the s repeal movement.
By then the Irish market had been well-developed, taking advantage of a revolution in transport, while the British market was just too important to survive tariffs that might ensue in an economic war. Long before the death of Arthur the second, he had been joined by his son Benjamin Lee who transformed the brewery into the largest in the world.
The "merchant prince" lived in a townhouse on St Stephen's Green, which was presented by a descendant, Rupert, to the State in Iveagh House is now home for the Department of Foreign Affairs.
His successor, Edward Cecil, was also a fairy godfather, as was his older brother, Arthur this pair being Joyce's Bingiveagh and Bungardilaun, garnering the succulent berries of the hop" to "mass and sift and bruise and brew them and mix there with sour juices and bring the must to the sacred fire and cease not night or day from their toil".
The younger brother set up the Guinness and Iveagh trusts to provide housing for the working classes in areas such as Dolphin's Barn. They also built the Iveagh market, and gave many gifts to Trinity College and to Dublin hospitals.
By then, the black stuff had already reached the South Pole. He initiated modernisation of the engineering and brewing plant at St James's Gate. But it was in agriculture that he made his mark, and he was obsessed with time: He owned some 18 gold watches and insisted that all the clocks should chime the hour at precisely the same milli-second in the family's Suffolk residence at Elveden. Small wonder that his periodic visits drove the Elveden carpenter, who was responsible, for the synchronisation, "round the bend.
Rupert took over chairmanship of the company at a time when sales of stout in England had slumped. Reluctantly, he sanctioned an advertising campaign, which had been studiously avoided up till then. He had always drunk a bottle of Guinness every day for health, and agreed to the final suggestion drawn up by the advertising agency: "Guinness is good for you".
The health link would never be dropped, though the beer became synonymous with imaginative publicity. Such was the success of the tag that a journalist who was button-holed by a political activist in had to listen 12 complaints about money being wasted on advertising.
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